Unani Treatment for Kidney Problems in Delhi
Kidney problems represent a significant global health challenge, with a steadily increasing prevalence that places immense burden on healthcare systems worldwide. In India, particularly, recent data indicates a rising trend in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), often linked to systemic conditions like diabetes and hypertension. While conventional medical approaches offer advanced symptomatic management, including medications, dialysis, and transplantation, they do not provide a cure for CKD, leading to substantial patient burden and healthcare costs.
Unani medicine, an ancient system of healing rooted in Greek philosophy, offers a holistic framework for addressing health concerns, including kidney disorders. Its core principles revolve around balancing the body's humors (Akhlat) and temperament (Mizaj), emphasizing the body's innate healing capacity. Unani diagnostic methods, such as pulse and urine examination, are tailored to identify underlying constitutional imbalances rather than just symptoms. Therapeutically, Unani employs a range of natural interventions, including herbal pharmacotherapy, dietotherapy, and regimental therapies, aiming to restore systemic equilibrium, detoxify the body, and support kidney function.
In Delhi, Unani practitioners like Dr. Aslam Javed and clinics such as Unani Herbal provide personalized Unani treatments for various kidney ailments, including kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. These treatments often focus on addressing root causes, reducing inflammation, and promoting overall well-being. The integration of Unani and conventional medicine presents a promising avenue for comprehensive patient care, allowing for enhanced effectiveness, reduced side effects, and improved quality of life through collaborative approaches. However, challenges persist in the broader acceptance and scientific validation of Unani practices, underscoring the need for further research and greater collaboration between traditional and modern medical systems.
Kidney disease is a complex and pervasive health issue that significantly impacts individual well-being and global public health. The kidneys, vital organs nestled within the human body, perform critical functions essential for life, including the filtration of waste products from the blood, maintenance of electrolyte and mineral balance, regulation of blood pressure, and assistance in red blood cell production.1 When these functions are compromised, a cascade of health problems can ensue, ranging from mild dysfunction to life-threatening kidney failure.
Kidney disease broadly encompasses any condition, disorder, or ailment that affects the kidneys' ability to perform their essential roles.1 One of the most prevalent and concerning forms is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), characterized by a gradual and progressive decline in kidney function over an extended period, typically spanning months or even years.2 The insidious nature of CKD means that it often progresses silently, with very few or no noticeable symptoms in its early stages.1 This asymptomatic progression is a critical public health challenge, as significant renal damage can occur before overt clinical manifestations prompt medical attention. Consequently, by the time symptoms become apparent, the disease has often advanced to later, more severe stages. This underscores the paramount importance of early detection and preventative measures, particularly routine screening for at-risk populations, to facilitate timely intervention and potentially slow disease progression.
To standardize diagnosis and guide treatment, CKD is systematically categorized into five stages, with classification primarily based on the estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and the Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR).2 The eGFR measures how well the kidneys filter waste from the blood, while uACR checks for albumin, a protein, in the urine, indicating kidney damage.2
● Stage 1 CKD: At this initial stage, the eGFR is 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 or higher, indicating normal or even high kidney function. However, kidney damage is evident, typically through a uACR of 30 or higher, persisting for three months or more.2
● Stage 2 CKD: The eGFR ranges between 60 and 89 mL/min/1.73 m2, signifying a mild loss of kidney function. Similar to Stage 1, kidney damage (e.g., uACR of 30 or higher) must be present for three months or more.2
● Stage 3a CKD: This stage indicates a mild to moderate loss of kidney function, with an eGFR between 45 and 59 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more.2
● Stage 3b CKD: Represents a moderate to severe loss of kidney function, characterized by an eGFR between 30 and 44 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more.2
● Stage 4 CKD: At this stage, there is a severe loss of kidney function, with an eGFR between 15 and 29 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more.2
● Stage 5 CKD (End-Stage Renal Disease - ESRD): This is the final and most critical stage, defined by an eGFR of less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 for three months or more, or when the individual is on dialysis. At this point, the kidneys are no longer able to function adequately to meet the body's daily needs, necessitating renal replacement therapy.1
Common types and causes of kidney problems are diverse, often stemming from a combination of genetic predispositions, lifestyle factors, and underlying systemic diseases. These include:
● Glomerulonephritis: A group of diseases that cause inflammation and damage to the kidney's delicate filtering units, known as glomeruli.1
● Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): A common inherited disorder characterized by the formation of numerous large cysts within the kidneys, which can progressively damage surrounding tissue.1
● Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions such as Lupus Nephritis can lead to inflammation and scarring of the small blood vessels responsible for filtering wastes in the kidney.1
● Obstructions: Physical blockages caused by kidney stones, tumors, an enlarged prostate gland in men, or recurrent urinary tract infections can lead to kidney damage by impeding urine flow.1
● Systemic Diseases: Diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) are the leading risk factors and primary causes of CKD globally.2 These conditions damage the blood vessels and filtering units of the kidneys over time. Heart disease and obesity are also significant risk factors, often interconnected with diabetes and hypertension.4 The strong and well-documented links between CKD and these systemic conditions underscore that kidney health is not an isolated physiological domain. Instead, it is deeply integrated with overall metabolic and cardiovascular well-being. This profound interconnectedness means that effective kidney disease management necessitates a holistic approach that addresses these co-morbidities comprehensively, rather than merely focusing on the kidneys in isolation.
● Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): A sudden episode of kidney failure that can result from various causes, including severe infections or dehydration. While AKI may resolve, it can also lead to CKD or kidney failure in the long term.6
When symptoms do manifest, particularly in the more advanced stages, they can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. Common signs include foamy urine, alterations in urination frequency (either more or less often), itchy and/or dry skin, persistent fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and unintentional weight loss.2 As CKD progresses, additional symptoms may appear, such as difficulty concentrating, numbness or swelling in the arms, legs, ankles, or feet, aching muscles or cramping, shortness of breath, vomiting, sleep disturbances, and a distinctive ammonia-like or "fishy" breath odor.2
Kidney disease represents a growing global health crisis, affecting a substantial portion of the world's population. Estimates indicate that over 850 million people worldwide are living with some form of kidney disease.6 In 2021 alone, the global prevalence of CKD reached an estimated 359 million cases, contributing to 1.53 million deaths.8 The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) for CKD globally in 2021 was reported as 8,006 per 100,000 population.8
The burden of CKD is dramatically increasing, reflecting a profound and growing strain on healthcare systems worldwide. From 1990 to 2021, global CKD prevalence surged by 92%, with new cases increasing by 156%.8 This escalating trend is largely attributed to global population growth and the aging demographic, leading to significant increases in mortality rates and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with CKD.8 This is not merely a statistical increase but represents a profound and growing burden on healthcare systems globally, demanding urgent, comprehensive, and innovative interventions that extend beyond current capacities.
Globally, there are slight gender disparities in CKD prevalence, with women exhibiting a slightly higher rate (11.8%) compared to men (10.4%).6 However, the DALYs rate for CKD was observed to be higher in males than in females in 2021, indicating a greater impact on years lived with disability or lost due to the disease in men.9
In India, the landscape of kidney disease also reflects a concerning upward trajectory. A systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies conducted between 2011 and 2023 reported a pooled prevalence of CKD at 13.24%.10 This data indicates a rising trend, with prevalence increasing from 11.12% during the 2011-2017 period to 16.38% between 2018-2023.10 Within India, CKD prevalence among men was found to be 14.80%, while among women it was 13.51%.10 Regional variations exist, with the Southern administrative zone of India exhibiting a higher pooled CKD prevalence of 14.78%.10 Interestingly, pooled CKD prevalence was higher in rural areas (15.34%) compared to urban areas (10.65%) in India.10 Diabetes and hypertension are major contributors to CKD in India, accounting for 40-60% of cases.11
It is important to note a significant discrepancy in reported prevalence figures within India. While recent meta-analyses present high and rising prevalence rates, the Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has stated that a nationwide scientific estimation of CKD has not been carried out. Older, smaller population-based studies cited by the Ministry reported much lower prevalence rates (0.79% in North India and 0.16% in South India).12 This substantial discrepancy is a critical and concerning finding. It suggests a potential underestimation of the true burden of CKD in official government reporting, which could lead to inadequate resource allocation, insufficient public health awareness campaigns, and misinformed policy formulation for kidney care across India. This gap underscores the urgent need for more robust, nationwide epidemiological studies to accurately inform and shape public health strategies.
Conventional medical treatments for kidney problems are primarily aimed at managing symptoms, slowing the progression of kidney disease, and improving the patient's overall health and quality of life.3 It is crucial to acknowledge that, for chronic kidney disease, there is currently "no known cure".3 This fundamental limitation means that conventional treatments are primarily focused on slowing progression and sustaining life through long-term management strategies like dialysis and transplantation, rather than reversing the disease. This inherent gap creates a critical space for complementary therapies that might focus on improving quality of life, reducing side effects, or potentially influencing disease progression in ways that conventional medicine cannot.
Key conventional treatment modalities include:
● Medications: A diverse range of pharmacological agents are employed to address various aspects of CKD and its associated complications:
○ Blood Pressure Control: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly prescribed to lower blood pressure, which is a frequent co-occurring condition with CKD. Controlling blood pressure is vital to prevent further decline in kidney function. Regular blood tests are recommended when initiating these medications due to potential initial decreases in kidney activity and changes in electrolyte levels.3 Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers also contribute to blood pressure management.14
○ Fluid Management: Diuretics, often referred to as "water pills," are utilized to manage fluid retention, reduce swelling in the legs and ankles, and control high blood pressure associated with CKD by helping the kidneys excrete excess salt and water.3
○ Cholesterol Management: Statins are prescribed to lower cholesterol levels, thereby reducing the risk of developing heart disease, a common and serious comorbidity in CKD patients.3
○ Phosphate Control: Phosphate binders are administered to lower the amount of phosphate in the blood. This is important because high phosphate levels can lead to calcium deposits that damage blood vessels and contribute to CKD progression.3 Calcium and Vitamin D supplements may also be used to balance these levels.14
○ Diabetes Management: For CKD patients with type 2 diabetes, medications such as Metformin, Finerenone (a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist), and SGLT2 inhibitors (gliflozins) are used to lower blood sugar levels, which is crucial for preventing or slowing further kidney damage.14
○ Anemia Treatment: Anemia is a common complication of CKD. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are injectable medications that signal the body to produce more red blood cells. Iron supplements, either in pill form or intravenously, are often given to support red blood cell production, as iron is essential for ESA effectiveness. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizers represent a newer class of medicines that enhance the body's natural response to low oxygen levels, leading to increased red blood cell production.14
○ Metabolic Acidosis Correction: Sodium bicarbonate, typically in pill form, may be prescribed to balance acid levels in the blood, which can help slow the progression of kidney disease.14
○ Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Management: Calcimimetics are medications that reduce parathyroid hormone (PTH) production, while calcium or vitamin D supplements help regulate calcium and vitamin D levels in the body, addressing bone health issues associated with CKD.14
○ Anti-inflammatory Agents: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are used to treat inflammatory kidney diseases like lupus nephritis, vasculitis, and certain forms of glomerulonephritis.14
● Dialysis: When kidneys fail and are no longer able to function adequately during end-stage CKD, dialysis becomes a necessary life-sustaining treatment. This process artificially removes waste products, toxins, and excess fluid from the blood.1 There are two primary types:
○ Hemodialysis: This is the most common type of dialysis. It typically involves connecting the patient's blood vessels to an artificial kidney machine (dialyzer) that filters the blood. Sessions are usually performed three to five times per week in a hospital or dialysis center, or four to seven times per week for at-home dialysis, with each session lasting approximately three to five hours.3
○ Peritoneal Dialysis: This method utilizes the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum) as a natural filter. A permanent catheter is surgically inserted into the abdomen, through which a special dialysate solution is introduced. This solution absorbs waste products from the blood vessels in the peritoneal lining. The fluid is then drained and replaced. This method offers the advantage of being performed at home, either manually multiple times a day or overnight with the assistance of a machine.3
● Kidney Transplantation: For suitable candidates, a kidney transplant offers the most comprehensive solution for restoring kidney function and significantly improving quality of life. This major surgical procedure involves replacing the failing kidney with a healthy donor kidney, which can come from either a living or deceased donor.1 Following a transplant, patients require lifelong immunosuppressant medication to prevent their body from rejecting the new organ. Dialysis may be necessary while awaiting a compatible donor kidney.3
The extensive list of medications, the demanding frequency and invasiveness of dialysis procedures, and the lifelong commitment to immunosuppressants post-transplant collectively illustrate the immense patient burden and significant healthcare system cost associated with conventional CKD management. While undeniably life-saving and effective, these treatments profoundly impact patients' quality of life - physically, psychologically, and financially. This reinforces the value proposition of complementary approaches that might reduce this intensive burden, improve overall patient well-being, or offer more cost-effective solutions without such demanding interventions.
Unani medicine, also known as Unani Tibb, Arabian medicine, or Islamic medicine, is a traditional healing system with a rich historical lineage. Its foundational principles trace back to the ancient Greek philosopher-physician Hippocrates and his followers, with subsequent significant development and refinement in the Muslim world.16 The core premise of Unani medicine is that disease is a natural process, and the symptoms observed are the body's inherent reactions to an underlying imbalance. In this framework, the physician's primary role is not to suppress symptoms but to support and aid the body's innate healing capabilities and self-preservative powers, known as medicatrix naturae or Tabī'at Mudabbira-i-Badan, in combating illness and restoring health.17
The Unani system is built upon a sophisticated philosophical and physiological framework, centered on the concept of balance and harmony within the human body and its interaction with the environment.
Seven Natural Factors (Umoore Tabaiyah): These are considered the fundamental and basic components responsible for the existence of the human body and the maintenance of health in Unani medicine. A significant imbalance or the loss of any of these factors is believed to lead to disease or even mortality.16 They include:
1. Arkan or Anasir (Elements): These are the four simple, indivisible entities - Arz (earth), Maa (water), Nar (fire), and Hawa (air). Unani philosophy posits that these elements constitute the primary components not only of the human body but also of all other creations in the universe.16
2. Mizaj (Temperament): Regarded as the most important principle in Unani medicine, Mizaj refers to the unique qualitative constitution of an individual, which is a result of the admixture of the four elements. It classifies human beings, as well as diet, drugs, and other entities, into four primary qualitative types: Hot & Dry, Hot & Wet, Cold & Wet, and Cold & Dry, along with their various compounded forms.16 The equilibrium of an individual's unique elemental combination and resulting Mizaj, as determined by Tabiyat (innate power), defines their healthy constitutional state.16 The profound emphasis on Mizaj and Akhlat (humors) as foundational to health and disease in Unani medicine implies a diagnostic and therapeutic approach that extends beyond merely addressing presenting symptoms. Instead, Unani seeks to identify and correct deeper constitutional and humoral imbalances, offering a potentially more sustainable and personalized path to health compared to conventional symptom-focused treatments. This holistic view aims to restore the body's intrinsic equilibrium, rather than just suppressing manifestations of disease.
3. Akhlat (Humours/Body Fluids): These are the four bodily humors: Dam (Blood), Balgham (Phlegm), Safra (Yellow Bile), and Sauda (Black Bile). These humors are believed to be derived from and utilized in the digestive process. Their harmonious balance in terms of quantity and quality is crucial for health, and any disturbances in their equilibrium are considered the direct cause of disease.16
4. Aaza (Organs): This principle refers to the various organs and systems that comprise the human body, each with its specific functions and temperaments.16
5. Arwah (Vital Spirit): Represents the pneuma or vital spirit, an ethereal substance believed to be responsible for animating the body and facilitating its physiological and psychological functions.16
6. Quwa (Faculties or Powers): These are the inherent powers or capacities of the body and its organs to perform their physiological functions, such as the power of digestion, absorption, retention, and excretion.16
7. Afa'al (Functions): This refers to the normal physiological functions performed by the body and its organs, which are the manifestations of the Quwa.16
Six Essential Factors (Asbab-e-Sittah-Zarooriah): Beyond the internal constitutional factors, Unani medicine recognizes six physical or external factors that are essential for establishing a synchronized biological rhythm and maintaining a balanced existence. These factors are crucial for health maintenance, and any unnatural changes or imbalances in them can directly lead to disease.16 They include:
● Hawa (Air): Quality of the surrounding air.
● Makoolat wa Mashroobat (Foods and Drinks): Dietary habits and fluid intake.
● Harkat-o-Sakoon (Movement and Rest): Physical activity and rest.
● Nawm-o-Yaqzah (Sleep and Wakefulness): Patterns of sleep.
● Ihtebas and Istifragh (Retention and Excretion): Proper assimilation of nutrients and elimination of waste products.
● Harkat-o-Sakoon Nafsaniah (Mental Work and Rest): Psychological and emotional well-being.
The explicit inclusion of these "Six Essential Factors" directly links Unani philosophy to modern concepts of preventive medicine and comprehensive lifestyle management. This suggests that Unani medicine is inherently designed to integrate lifestyle interventions as primary therapeutic tools, rather than merely supplementary ones. This foundational integration could have significant implications for chronic disease management and public health, especially for conditions like kidney disease, which are often strongly influenced by lifestyle factors.
Unani diagnosis is a holistic and intricate process that extends beyond the mere identification of symptoms. It relies on a thorough examination that includes conventional methods like inspection, palpation, and percussion of various organs. However, it places significant and unique emphasis on three key diagnostic tools: Muaina-e-Nabz (feeling of the pulse), Mushahida-e-Bol wa Baraz (examination of urine and feces), and a detailed assessment of the individual's Mizaj (temperament).19 These methods are used to determine the balance of the four bodily humors and the patient's overall constitutional state.17
Urine Examination (Mushahida-e-Baul): This is a highly distinguished diagnostic tool in Unani medicine, considered a "speculum of the body" by ancient physicians. Unani scholars, including Ali ibn Rabban Tabri, Mohammad Ibn Zakaria Razi, and Ibn Sina, meticulously described various parameters for urine analysis, using them for both diagnosis and prognosis.20 These parameters include:
● Color (Laun): The color of urine can indicate various conditions. For instance, a purple color may suggest a fatal prognosis, while a flamer-red color (red tinged with black) can point to serious conditions.20
● Density (Qiwam): The thickness or thinness of the urine. Baul Ghaleez (thick urine), for example, may indicate defective maturation processes within the body.20
● Turbidity or Transparency (Kadurat, Safa): The clarity or cloudiness of the urine provides clues about the presence of impurities or imbalances.20
● Sediment (Rasub): The type and amount of sediment at the bottom of the urine sample are of special significance to Unani physicians.20
● Quantity (Kammiat): The volume of urine produced.20
● Odor (Ra'eha): The smell of urine can be diagnostic. Acidic urine may point to the putrefaction of cold humors by extraneous heat, sweet-smelling urine can suggest a dominance of sanguineous humor, a pungent smell may denote an excess of bile, and a sour (acid) smell can indicate the dominance of Sauda (black bile).20
● Froth (Zubdah): The presence and quality of froth or foam on the urine surface can indicate the admixture of air (Reeh) with moisture. Coarse foam, for instance, may suggest that the eliminated matter is viscid.20
Unani texts also provide precise guidelines for urine collection to ensure diagnostic accuracy. These include collecting the first morning sample, avoiding prolonged retention, refraining from food or drink before collection, abstaining from substances that alter urine color (e.g., certain foods, cosmetics like henna, or diuretics), avoiding undue mental and physical exertions (which can change urine color), and protecting the sample from extreme temperatures or direct light.20 The sample should be examined after it has settled for some time, and the glass used must be clear and colorless.20
Pulse Examination (Muaina-e-Nabz): The examination of the pulse is another cornerstone of Unani diagnosis. Practitioners meticulously assess various characteristics of the pulse, such as its rate, rhythm, volume, tension, and quality, to gain insights into the patient's Mizaj, the state of their humors, and the condition of their vital organs. This method allows the physician to perceive subtle internal imbalances that may not yet manifest as overt symptoms.
Temperament Assessment (Mizaj): The assessment of an individual's Mizaj is central to Unani diagnosis. Through a detailed history, physical examination (including pulse and urine analysis), and observation of physical and psychological traits, the Unani physician determines the patient's dominant temperament. This constitutional understanding then guides the selection of specific treatments, as the goal is to restore the balance of the Mizaj to its healthy state.19
These traditional diagnostic methods are intricately linked to the holistic principles of Unani medicine. By focusing on the patient's unique humoral constitution and temperament, Unani practitioners aim to identify the root causes of disease rather than just treating symptoms. This comprehensive approach allows for highly personalized treatment plans designed to restore the body's natural equilibrium and promote long-term health.
Unani medicine has a long-standing tradition of addressing kidney disorders, known as Amraze Kulliya, with a holistic and individualized approach. In Delhi, a hub for traditional medicine, Unani practitioners offer various treatments for kidney problems, integrating ancient wisdom with contemporary patient needs.
In Unani philosophy, the kidneys are regarded as vital organs performing crucial functions, including urine formation and the elimination of nitrogenous substances from the body.19 Kidney disorders are understood as conditions where these organs fail to function properly, leading to a retention of waste products and an imbalance in bodily humors.
The proper functioning of the kidneys, according to Unani principles, depends on their Quwwas (Faculties or Powers).19 These inherent powers include:
● Quwwat-e-Mumayyaza (power of discrimination)
● Quwwat-e-Hazima (digestive power)
● Quwwat-e-Jaziba (absorptive power)
● Quwwat-e-Masika (retentive power)
● Quwwat-e-Dafia (power of excretion).21
Kidney disorders arise when any of these faculties become weak or imbalanced, or when there are alterations in the kidney's Mizaj (temperament) or Akhlat (humors).19 Unani scholars classify Amraze Kulliya into various categories, including:
● Iltihabi (inflammatory diseases): Caused by alterations in humors, such as Warm-e-Kulliya Haad (acute nephritis) and Warm-e-Kulliya Muzmin (chronic nephritis).21
● Ghair Iltihabi (non-inflammatory diseases): Resulting from weakness of the Quwwas, like Zauf-e-Kulliya (weakness of kidney) and Laghri-e-Kulliya (renal dystrophy).21
● Amraz-e-Shirki (associated diseases): Kidney involvement due to conditions in other organs, such as liver diseases.21
Specific kidney conditions recognized in Unani literature include Huzal-e-Kulliya (renal hypertrophy), Qurooh-e-Kulliya (renal ulcer), Hissat-e-Kulliya (nephrolithiasis or kidney stones), and Suemijaz-e-Kulliya (alteration of kidney temperament).21
Zauf-e-Kulliya (weakness of kidney) is a significant condition in Unani, described as the kidneys' inability to properly separate water and other substances from the blood, leading to diluted urine containing proteins. This can result from various factors, including excessive physical labor or fatigue, overuse of diuretics, prolonged journeys or coitus, excessive horse riding, intake of cold substances, concentrated blood (Ghaleez dam), kidney inflammation, looseness of kidney mass, prolonged standing, weight lifting, diluted bile (Raqeeq safra), reduced digestive or absorptive power, ill temperament (cold or dry), trauma to the kidney, or urinary obstruction like kidney stones.21 Clinical symptoms of Zauf-e-Kulliya often include backache, general debility, loss of libido, pain in the renal angle, polydipsia (due to hot temperament), proteinuria, reddish urine with a strong smell, weakness of retentive power, and white or diluted urine (due to cold temperament).21
Regarding kidney stones (Hasaate Kulya), Unani scholars believe their formation is due to the accumulation of morbid matter in the kidneys, influenced by factors such as increased kidney temperature and the presence of viscous substances like phlegm, sticky blood, or pus.22 When the expelling power (Quwate-e-Daafeh) of the kidney weakens, these substances accumulate in the kidney's calyces, leading to stone formation.22 Dietary habits, such as consuming thick milk, paneer, uncooked meat, and rich desserts, are also considered contributors to the formation of viscous matter that can lead to stones.22 The Unani approach to kidney disorders goes beyond merely treating presenting symptoms. Instead, it systematically identifies and corrects deeper constitutional and humoral imbalances as the true underlying causes. This focus on root cause identification aims to restore the body's intrinsic equilibrium, which is considered essential for sustainable health.
Unani medicine employs four primary methods of treatment: Ilaj-Bil-Ghiza (Dietotherapy), Ilaj-bil-Dawa (Pharmacotherapy), Ilaj-Bit-Tadbeer (Regimental therapy), and Ilaj-bil-Yad (Surgery).22 For kidney problems, the first three modalities are predominantly utilized.
1. Pharmacotherapy (Ilaj-bil-Dawa):
Unani pharmacotherapy utilizes a rich array of natural substances, primarily derived from herbal, mineral, and animal sources.15 A key focus is on drugs categorized as Muḥāfiẓ-i-Kulya (nephroprotective) and Muqawwī-i-Kulya (renal tonic), which are believed to protect and strengthen the kidneys.25 These drugs possess various therapeutic properties, including resolvent, diuretic, lithotriptic (stone-breaking), deobstruent, anodyne (pain-relieving), analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, blood purifying, and tonic effects for the kidney and liver.15
Specific herbs and formulations mentioned for kidney health include:
● For general kidney health and function: Gokshura (Tribulus Terrestris) is believed to have diuretic properties that may improve kidney function, while Varuna (Crataeva Nurvala) is traditionally used to support kidney health and urinary tract function.13 Other general vitality-enhancing and detoxifying herbs like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Shilajit, and Triphala are also utilized, as they contribute to overall well-being and hormonal balance, indirectly supporting kidney health.27
● For Nephrotic Syndrome: Unani formulations such as Sharbat Buzoori Moatadil (a diuretic with anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective potential), Majoon Dabeed ul Ward (an anti-inflammatory), Arq Kasni (a diuretic that helps excrete bilirubin), and Jawarish Jalinoos (a general tonic for vital organs and urinary stones) are prescribed.30 Other compounds like Habb e Asgandh, Habb e Mubarak, Habb e Zehar Mohra, Safoof Tabkhir, and Dawa us shifa are also part of the regimen.30
● For Acute Kidney Injury: Prescriptions may include Majun Mussafi Khas (containing Chob Chini, Sana Makki, Turbud, Nigand Babri), Qurs Rasoot, Qurs Podina, Habb e Sibr (for constipation), Itrifal Kishnizi, Hab-e-Fishar (for blood pressure), Sherbet Bazoori, and Jawarish Zarooni Saida.31
● For Kidney Stones (Hasaate Kulya): The treatment aims to eliminate morbid humors and break down stones. This involves Mufattite Hasat (lithotriptic drugs) and Mudire Baul (diuretics).22 Specific herbs noted for their litholytic and diuretic properties include Cucumis melo (muskmelon/cantaloupe), Tribulus terrestris, and Raphanus sativus (radish).32 Formulations like Majun Aqrab and Sharbat Alu Balu are also used.32 Dr. Aslam Javed, a prominent Unani practitioner in Delhi, has stated that a combination of powders, pills, and oils can offer a permanent cure for kidney stones.33
● For Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): While primarily a gynecological issue, PCOS can have systemic implications. Unani treatments for PCOS, which may indirectly support kidney health by addressing hormonal imbalances, include herbs like Shatavari, Ashwagandha, and Triphala, and formulations like Habb-e-Hamal, which contains ingredients such as Mushk, Afyoon, Jaifal, Kaifal, Qaranfal, and Supari to stimulate ovulation and act as stimulants and tonics for vital organs.
2. Dietotherapy (Ilaj Bil-Ghiza):
Diet plays a crucial role in Unani treatment for kidney problems, aiming to reduce the burden on the kidneys and restore humoral balance. General dietary principles align with modern kidney-friendly diets, emphasizing low salt, low fat, and a balanced intake of nutrients.34
● Foods to Encourage: Patients are advised to consume fresh fruits (such as papaya, apple, guava, and pineapple in moderation), rice (if not diabetic), wheat flour, cereals, and plant-based foods like beans, pulses, and lentils.34 Whole grain starchy foods (e.g., whole wheat pasta, brown rice) and a variety of vegetables are recommended.35 Lean proteins like skinless chicken, turkey, and whole eggs are preferred, with portion control.36 Healthier fats, such as olive oil, are encouraged in small amounts.36 Unani specific recommendations also include dairy proteins (milk, lassi, paneer), soaked almonds or walnuts, sweet juicy fruits (mangoes, peaches, plums, pears), and specific spices like ajwain, cumin, turmeric, and black cumin to enhance fertility and overall health. Urad daal cooked with spices and banana cooked in ghee with cinnamon and cardamom are also suggested for those with strong digestion.38
● Foods to Limit or Avoid: Patients are generally advised to avoid caffeinated drinks (tea, coffee) 34, high-potassium foods (e.g., oranges, bananas, mushrooms, jackfruit, coconut, amla, tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, spinach) 34, and excessive table salt.34 Processed, canned, junk, fried, and oily foods are strongly discouraged.34 High-phosphorus foods, including processed cheeses, dark-colored sodas, organ meats, most dairy products, and packaged baked goods, should be limited.36 Excessive protein intake, particularly from red meat, fish, poultry, and protein powders, is often restricted for CKD patients not on dialysis to reduce the workload on the kidneys.34 Sugary foods and beverages should also be limited or avoided.39
● Fluid Intake: Control over fluid intake is crucial, especially in advanced stages. Patients are advised to drink water when thirsty, use small glasses, and avoid drinking immediately after meals. Sugary drinks and fruit juices should be limited.34
3. Regimental Therapy (Ilaj-Bit-Tadbeer):
This branch of Unani treatment involves non-pharmacological procedures, used independently or in combination with other methods.24 Relevant therapies for kidney health include:
● Idrar-e-baul (Diuresis): This aims to excrete poisonous matters, waste products, and excess humors through urine, purify the blood, and alleviate renal disorders.24
● Huqna (Enema): Used to remove superfluities from the intestine and relieve kidney and bladder pain.24
● Other therapies, such as Riyazat (exercise), Dalak (massage), Takmeed (fomentation), Nutool (pouring medicated lukewarm water), Zimaad wa Tila (ointments and liniments), Tareeq (sweating), Hammam (bath), Ishaal (purgation), Qai (emesis), Imala (diversion of morbid material), Hijamat (cupping), Fasd (venesection), Taleeq (leeching), and Kai (cauterization), are also part of the broader regimental therapy spectrum, though their direct application to kidney problems varies.24
Unani medicine tailors treatments based on the individual patient's unique constitution (Mizaj) and the specific underlying causes of their kidney problems. This personalized approach is a hallmark of the system. Furthermore, Unani medicine can complement conventional treatments by managing side effects, improving overall well-being, and addressing underlying imbalances, fostering a collaborative approach to patient care. This complementary role allows for a more comprehensive strategy that supports the patient's physical and emotional health alongside conventional medical interventions.
Delhi, a major metropolitan center in India, hosts a number of Unani practitioners and clinics that specialize in addressing various health concerns, including kidney problems. The presence of these clinics provides an alternative or complementary treatment pathway for patients seeking traditional approaches.
Dr. Aslam Javed and Unani Herbal:
A prominent figure in Unani medicine in Delhi is Dr. Aslam Javed, who obtained his Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery (BUMS) from the Ayurvedic & Unani Tibbia College in Delhi in 1989.32 With over 33 years of experience, Dr. Javed is recognized for treating a wide range of conditions, including kidney problems and kidney stones, as well as various chronic diseases.33 He is the founder of Shifa Clinic, also known as Unani Herbal, established in New Friends Colony, Delhi, in 2005.
Dr. Javed's approach to kidney health, consistent with Unani philosophy, is holistic and personalized.41 It involves:
● Personalized Holistic Assessment: A comprehensive evaluation of the patient's physical, mental, and emotional well-being to understand their individual constitution (Mizaj) and identify humoral imbalances contributing to kidney issues.41
● Natural Herbal Remedies: Prescription of specific herbal formulations tailored to the patient's unique needs, drawing from the extensive Unani pharmacopeia.41 Dr. Javed emphasizes the traditional art of making medicines by grinding herbs and boiling them in prescribed quantities, a skill he notes is becoming rare among newer generations who often rely on off-the-shelf preparations.33 He has also stated that a combination of powders, pills, and oils offers a "permanent cure for kidney stones".33
● Dietary and Lifestyle Guidance: Providing customized recommendations on diet, exercise, stress management techniques, and healthy sleep habits to optimize kidney health.41
● Complementary Approach: Dr. Javed's Unani treatments are designed to be used alongside conventional medical therapies, fostering collaboration with nephrologists and primary care physicians for integrated care.41
Unani Herbal, under Dr. Javed's guidance, is positioned as a modern Unani clinic that aims to provide a natural approach to healthcare, including kidney problems.40 Patient testimonials, though often general, indicate satisfaction with the care received and the positive impact on their conditions, including kidney stones.33
The increasing global burden of chronic diseases, coupled with the limitations of single-system approaches, highlights the growing importance of integrative healthcare models. For conditions like kidney problems, where conventional medicine offers advanced life-sustaining treatments but no cure for CKD, the complementary role of traditional systems like Unani medicine becomes particularly relevant.
Unani medicine can serve as a valuable complementary therapy alongside conventional treatments for kidney problems. Its holistic approach, which considers the whole person - including physical, mental, and emotional factors - aims to restore the body's natural balance and promote overall well-being.27 This can lead to several potential benefits:
● Enhanced Effectiveness: Unani treatments can potentially enhance the effectiveness of conventional therapies by addressing underlying imbalances (e.g., humoral or temperamental) that may be contributing to kidney issues or hindering the efficacy of modern interventions.
● Reduced Side Effects: Conventional treatments for kidney disease, such as hormonal medications or dialysis, can have various side effects. Unani remedies may help alleviate these side effects, thereby improving the patient's comfort and adherence to treatment.27
● Addressing Underlying Imbalances: Unani practitioners focus on identifying and correcting the root causes of health issues, such as digestive problems, hormonal imbalances, or chronic inflammation, which may indirectly contribute to or exacerbate kidney problems.13 By addressing these foundational imbalances, Unani medicine offers a distinct approach to supporting kidney health.
● Promoting Detoxification: Certain Unani herbal remedies and dietary modifications are believed to help eliminate toxins from the body, thereby reducing the burden on the kidneys and supporting their natural functions.13
● Reducing Inflammation: Inflammation plays a significant role in the progression of many kidney diseases. Unani medicine utilizes herbs and therapies with anti-inflammatory properties that can help reduce inflammation and protect kidney tissue.13
● Stress and Anxiety Reduction: Infertility, like many chronic health conditions, can be emotionally taxing. Unani medicine often incorporates stress management techniques, such as lifestyle modifications, hydrotherapy (warm baths, steam treatments), and personalized dietary advice, which can improve overall well-being and indirectly benefit kidney health.27
For optimal patient outcomes, particularly in managing complex conditions like kidney disease, open communication and regular consultations between conventional medical practitioners (e.g., nephrologists) and qualified Unani practitioners are crucial.13 This collaborative approach ensures that the treatment plan is comprehensive, tailored to the individual's specific needs, and minimizes the risk of contraindications or adverse interactions between different therapies.13
An integrated model of care, where both systems work in conjunction, can provide a more holistic and effective approach to managing chronic kidney disease. This synergy allows patients to benefit from the life-sustaining advancements of modern medicine while also leveraging the constitutional and well-being-focused interventions of Unani medicine. Such collaboration can lead to improved overall health outcomes, enhanced quality of life, and a more patient-centered healthcare experience.
Kidney problems, particularly chronic kidney disease, represent a formidable and escalating public health challenge globally and within India. The silent progression of CKD, often without overt symptoms until advanced stages, necessitates proactive screening and early intervention. While conventional medicine offers sophisticated treatments for managing symptoms and sustaining life, it does not provide a cure for CKD, leading to a significant and long-term burden on patients and healthcare systems.
Unani medicine, with its ancient roots and holistic philosophy, presents a complementary paradigm for addressing kidney health. Its foundational principles, centered on the balance of humors and temperament, guide a diagnostic process that seeks to identify underlying constitutional imbalances rather than merely symptomatic manifestations. This approach naturally integrates lifestyle, diet, and mental well-being as primary therapeutic tools, aligning with modern preventive health strategies.
In Delhi, Unani practitioners like Dr. Aslam Javed and clinics such as Unani Herbal offer personalized treatments for various kidney ailments, including kidney stones and chronic kidney disease. These treatments utilize a diverse pharmacopeia of natural remedies, alongside specific dietary and regimental therapies, aiming to restore the body's intrinsic equilibrium, promote detoxification, and support kidney function.
The potential for Unani medicine to complement conventional treatments is significant. By addressing underlying imbalances, mitigating side effects of conventional therapies, reducing inflammation, and enhancing overall patient well-being, Unani can contribute to a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to kidney care. However, the full integration of Unani into mainstream healthcare requires further rigorous scientific validation of its efficacy and mechanisms, as well as continued efforts to overcome challenges related to accessibility, knowledge preservation, and the economic viability of traditional practices. Ultimately, fostering collaborative care between Unani and conventional medical systems holds promise for improving the lives of individuals affected by kidney problems in Delhi and beyond.
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Researched and written by: Museb Rafeeq founder of Wind Song Enterprises.
The HOO-IMM PLUS (A, B, C, D, E) is an absolutely new, novel, pioneering and revolutionary concept from Unani Herbal to medical science. It is a very safe, efficacious Indian medicine for the relief of AIDS according to the degree & stage of affliction.
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