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Arthritis

If you feel pain and stiffness in your body or have trouble moving around, you might have arthritis. Most kinds of arthritis cause pain and swelling in your joints. Arthritis is a joint disorder featuring inflammation. Joints are places where two bones meet, such as your elbow or knee.

Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more of your joints. The main symptoms of arthritis are joint pain and stiffness, which typically worsen with age

Causes

There is no single cause of all types of arthritis. The cause or causes vary according to the type or form of arthritis.

• 1. Possible causes may include:
• 2. Injury
• 3. abnormal metabolism
• 4. inheritance, such as in osteoarthritis
• 5. infections
• 6. immune system dysfunction

Types

1. Gout

Gout is a common and complex form of arthritis that can affect anyone. It's characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, redness and tenderness in the joints, often the joint at the base of the big toe.

An attack of gout can occur suddenly, often waking you up in the middle of the night with the sensation that your big toe is on fire. The affected joint is hot, swollen and so tender that even the weight of the sheet on it may seem intolerable.

Causes

Gout occurs when urate crystals accumulate in your joint, causing the inflammation and intense pain of a gout attack. Urate crystals can form when you have high levels of uric acid in your blood. Your body produces uric acid when it breaks down purines — substances that are found naturally in your body.

Risk factors

• Diet
• Obesity
• Medical conditions
• Certain medications
• Family history of gout
• Age and sex
• Recent surgery or trauma

Prevention

• Drink plenty of fluids
• avoid alcohol
• Get your protein from low-fat dairy products
• Limit your intake of meat, fish and poultry
• Maintain a desirable body weight

2. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time. Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.

Symptoms

• Pain
• Stiffness
• Tenderness
• Loss of flexibility
• Grating sensation
• Bone spurs.
• Swelling

3. Psoriatic arthritis

Psoriatic arthritis is a form of arthritis that affects some people who have psoriasis — a condition that features red patches of skin topped with silvery scales. Most people develop psoriasis first and are later diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, but the joint problems can sometimes begin before skin patches appear. Psoriatic arthritis can affect joints on just one side or on both sides of your body.

Symptoms

• Swollen fingers and toes
• Foot pain
• Lower back pain

4. Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can affect more than just your joints. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.

An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your own body's tissues

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis may include:

• Tender, warm
• swollen joints
• Joint stiffness that is usually worse in the mornings and after inactivity
• Fatigue
• fever and loss of appetite

Risk factor

• Age. Rheumatoid arthritis can occur at any age, but it most commonly begins in middle age.
• Family history. If a member of your family has rheumatoid arthritis, you may have an increased risk of the disease.
• Smoking. Cigarette smoking increases your risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis,
• Environmental exposures. Although poorly understood, some exposures such as asbestos or silica may increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
• Obesity People — especially women age 55 and younger — who are overweight or obese appear to be at a somewhat higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.

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