Issue :- 13

March 2015

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Swine Flu

Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses
Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses
Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses

Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses (influenza viruses) that infect the respiratory tract of pigs, resulting in nasal secretions, a barking cough, decreased appetite, and listless behavior. Swine flu produces most of the same symptoms in pigs as human flu produces in people. Swine flu can last about one to two weeks in pigs that survive. Swine influenza virus was first isolated from pigs in 1930 in the U.S. and has been recognized by pork producers and veterinarians to cause infections in pigs worldwide.

In a number of instances, people have developed the swine flu infection when they are closely associated with pigs (for example, farmers, pork processors), and likewise, pig populations have occasionally been infected with the human flu infection. In most instances, the cross-species infections (swine virus to man; human flu virus to pigs) have remained in local areas and have not caused national or worldwide infections in either pigs or humans. Unfortunately, this cross-species situation with influenza viruses has had the potential to change.

Investigators decided the 2009 so-called "swine flu" strain, first seen in Mexico, should be termed novel H1N1 flu since it was mainly found infecting people and exhibits two main surface antigens, H1 (hemagglutinin type 1) and N1 (neuraminidase type1). The eight RNA strands from novel H1N1 flu have one strand derived from human flu strains, two from avian (bird) strains, and five from swine strains. Swine flu is transmitted from person to person by inhalation or ingestion of droplets containing virus from people sneezing or coughing; it is not transmitted by eating cooked pork products. The newest swine flu virus that has caused swine flu is influenza A H3N2v (commonly termed H3N2v) that began as an outbreak in 2011.

Influenza

The flu is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract which are divided into three types, designated A, B, and C. Most people who get the flu recover completely in 1 to 2 weeks, but some people develop serious and potentially life-threatening medical complications, such as pneumonia. Much of the illness and death caused by influenza can be prevented by annual influenza vaccination.

Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses
Swine flu (H1N1 and H3N2v influenza virus) facts
  1. Swine flu is a respiratory disease caused by influenza viruses that infect the respiratory tract of pigs and result in a barking cough, decreased appetite, nasal secretions, and listless behavior; the virus can be transmitted to humans.
  2. Swine flu viruses may mutate (change) so that they are easily transmissible among humans.
  3. The 2009 swine flu outbreak (pandemic) was due to infection with the H1N1 virus and was first observed in Mexico.
  4. Symptoms of swine flu in humans are similar to most influenza infections: fever (100 F or greater), cough, nasal secretions, fatigue, and headache.
  5. Vaccination is the best way to prevent or reduce the chances of becoming infected with influenza viruses.
Swine flu (swine influenza) is a respiratory disease caused by viruses

What are the symptoms of swine flu?

Symptoms of swine flu are similar to most influenza infections: fever (100 F or greater), cough, nasal secretions, fatigue, and headache, with fatigue being reported in most infected individuals. Some patients may also get a sore throat, rash, body aches, headaches, chills, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

What are the risk factors for swine flu?

Vaccination to prevent influenza is particularly important for people who are at increased risk for severe complications from influenza or at higher risk for influenza-related doctor or hospital visits. When vaccine supply is limited, vaccination efforts should focus on delivering vaccination to the following people since these populations have a higher risk for H1N1 and some other viral infections according to the CDC:

  1. All children 6 months to 4 years (59 months) of age.
  2. All people 50 years of age and older.
  3. Adults and children who have chronic pulmonary (including asthma) or cardiovascular (except isolated hypertension), renal, hepatic, neurological, hematologic, or metabolic disorders (including diabetes mellitus).
  4. People who have immunosuppression (including immunosuppression caused by medications or by HIV).
  5. Women who are or will be pregnant during the influenza season
  6. Children and adolescents (6 months to 18 years of age) who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy and who might be at risk for experiencing Reye's syndrome after influenza virus infection.
  7. Residents of nursing homes and other long-term-care facilities.
  8. American Indians/Alaska natives.
  9. People who are morbidly obese (BMI =40).
  10. Health-care professionals (doctors, nurses, health-care personnel treating patients).
  11. Household contacts and caregivers of children under 5 years of age and adults 50 years of age and older, with particular emphasis on vaccinating contacts of children less than 6 months age.
  12. Household contacts and caregivers of people with medical conditions that put them at higher risk for severe complications from influenza.

What is the treatment for swine flu?

The best treatment for influenza infections in humans is prevention by vaccination. Work by several laboratories has produced vaccines. The first H1N1 vaccine released in early October 2009 was a nasal spray vaccine that was approved for use in healthy individuals ages 2-49. The injectable vaccine, made from killed H1N1, became available in the second week of Oct. 2009. This vaccine was approved for use in ages 6 months to the elderly, including pregnant females. Both of these vaccines were approved by the CDC only after they had conducted clinical trials to prove that the vaccines were safe and effective. A new influenza vaccine preparation is the intradermal (trivalent) vaccine is available; it works like the shot except the administration is less painful. It is approved for ages 18-64 years.

Almost all vaccines have some side effects. Common side effects of H1N1 vaccines (alone or in combination with other flu viral strains) are typical of flu vaccines used over many years and are as follows:

  1. Flu shot: Soreness, redness, minor swelling at the shot site, muscle aches, low-grade fever, and nausea do not usually last more than about 24 hours.
  2. Nasal spray: runny nose, low-grade fever, vomiting, headache, wheezing, cough, and sore throat
  3. Intradermal shot: redness, swelling, pain, headache, muscle aches, fatigue

The flu shot (vaccine) is made from killed virus particles so a person cannot get the flu from a flu shot. However, the nasal spray vaccine contains live virus that have been altered to hinder its ability to replicate in human tissue. People with a suppressed immune system should not get vaccinated with the nasal spray. Also, most vaccines that contain flu viral particles are cultivated in eggs, so individuals with an allergy to eggs should not get the vaccine unless tested and advised by their doctor that they are cleared to obtain it. Like all vaccines, rare events may occur in some rare cases (for example, swelling, weakness, or shortness of breath). If any symptoms like these develop, the person should see a physician immediately.

Swine Flu and Unani Herbal Treatment Camphor (Kafoor) Cinnamomum camphora (Linn.) J. Presl 12 g.m. Corn mint(Pudinah)Mentha arvensis Linn. 12 g.m. Ajowan caraway(Ajwayin)Trachyspermum ammi(Linn.)Spragne 06 g.m. The above said drugs boiled and collect its Vapors and condensed in glass bottle. Used as oral and local cured and prevent the swine flu. in chemist a product named "Arq Ajeeb" is available.

What is the latest news about swine flu?

Feb. 16, 2015: Health authorities in India have reported that about 6,289 individuals have been diagnosed with swine flu (H1N1), with 485 deaths so far in 2015. In comparison, in 2014, there were only 937 individuals reported infected with H1N1 and 218 deaths in India. The health officials can give no reason for the rise in numbers of infections and deaths this year. Again, the officials are hoping for a drop in the numbers of new infections and deaths as the winter weather abates in India. The officials state that they have the medical infrastructure and medicine to treat any swine-flu-infected individual in India.

Feb. 9, 2015: According to India’s Health Ministry, total deaths from H1N1 influenza equaled 191 in January. This number of deaths is much higher than in January 2014. The Ministry predicts that because there is at least one more month of winter weather, additional numbers of infected individuals will impact public health and have a negative effect on the economy for the next few months. Severe infections progress rapidly (three to five days) and oseltamivir (Tamiflu) seem to "have no effect at all." Some severely infected patients die within two days, according to one official.

Feb. 2, 2015: The BBC reported that over the last six weeks, at least 75 people in India have died from swine flu (H1N1). Although deaths have not reached the levels seen in 2012 (405) or 2013 (692), there is concern that because India is having a colder-than-normal winter (coldest in the last 20 years), the number of deaths may increase before the flu season abates. In addition, Indian health officials are investigating if the H1N1 virus has developed a "minor mutation." However, they indicate H1N1-infected patients are responding to current medicines.

Jan. 26, 2015: In New Delhi, India, another 18 people have tested positive for H1N1 swine flu virus. This brings the total number of people diagnosed to 179, with three deaths. However, officials suggest that there is no need for alarm as they expect the number of infected people to rapidly decline as the warmer weather begins to occur. New Delhi hospitals (22 hospitals) claim there are enough medicines in stock to treat individuals hospitalized with swine flu (H1N1).

Jan. 20, 2015: The H1N1 virus, commonly known as the swine flu virus, has begun to cause concern in India this year. Since Jan. 1, 2015, over 150 swine flu infections have been reported, along with seven deaths in India. In Dec. 2014, positive cases of swine flu were first reported. Telangana, a state in the southern region of India, has reported the most cases of H1N1 (over 120). Currently, 10 other states in India have reported H1N1 infections with a few deaths. Because India has such a dense population and since H1N1 can be spread through the air via droplets, the Indian Health Ministry has asked their state officials to ensure sanitation and hygiene in all public places and to bring about awareness to people about the symptoms of swine flu. The concern is that rising numbers of swine flu infections may be the beginning of another H1N1 epidemic, although the current strain may not be as deadly as the 2009 H1N1 strain.


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